Cholera toxin and breast cancer: Immunological insights and therapeutic opportunities

Authors

  • Zahra Keshvari Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  • Raheleh Sheikhi Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0760-1338

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.66224/jcbior.7.1.355

Keywords:

Vibrio cholerae , Microbial toxin , Breast cancer

Abstract

No abstract.

References

1. Zhang Y, Ji Y, Liu S, Li J, Wu J, Jin Q, et al. Global burden of female breast cancer: new estimates in 2022, temporal trend and future projections up to 2050 based on the latest release from GLOBOCAN. J Natl Cancer Cent. 2025;5(3):287-296.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jncc.2025.02.002 PMID: 40693239

2. Saman H, Makni-Maalej K, El-Ella DMA, Al-Tamimi MY, AbuHaweeleh MN, Abuhayeh N, et al. Immune checkpoint blockade in cancer: current insights and future horizons. Discov Oncol. 2026;17(1):209.

DOI: 10.1007/s12672-025-04361-7 PMID: 41483376

3. George-Chandy A, Eriksson K, Lebens M, Nordström I, Schön E, Holmgren J. Cholera toxin B subunit as a carrier molecule promotes antigen presentation and increases CD40 and CD86 expression on antigen-presenting cells. Infect Immun. 2001;69(9):5716-25.

DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.9.5716-5725.2001 PMID: 11500448

4. Tepale-Segura A, Gajón JA, Muñoz-Cruz S, Castro-Escamilla O, Bonifaz LC. The cholera toxin B subunit induces trained immunity in dendritic cells and promotes CD8 T cell antitumor immunity. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1362289.

DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362289 PMID: 38812523

5. Paul S, Kaya M, Johnsson O, Grauers Wiktorin H, Törnell A, Arabpour M, et al. Targeting murine metastatic cancers with cholera toxin A1-adjuvanted peptide vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2025;21(1):2455240.

DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2025.2455240 PMID: 39848921

6. Afaloniati H, Aindelis G, Spyridopoulou K, Lagou MK, Tsingotjidou A, Chlichlia K, et al. Peri-weaning cholera toxin consumption suppresses chemically-induced carcinogenesis in mice. Int J Cancer. 2024;154(6):1097-1110.

DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34816 PMID: 38095490

7. Argyris DG, Markaki MP, Afaloniati H, Karagiannis GS, Poutahidis T, Angelopoulou K. Suppression of chemically induced mammary cancer by early-life oral administration of cholera toxin in mice is associated with aberrant regulation of Bmp and Notch signaling pathways. Mol Biol Rep. 2025;52(1):150.

DOI: 10.1007/s11033-025-10271-2 PMID: 39841292

8. Zheng G, Sundquist J, Sundquist K, Ji J. Association of post-diagnostic use of cholera vaccine with survival outcome in breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer. 2021;124(2):506-512.

DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01108-9 PMID: 33024264

9. Kenworthy AK, Schmieder SS, Raghunathan K, Tiwari A, Wang T, Kelly CV, et al. Cholera Toxin as a Probe for Membrane Biology. Toxins (Basel). 2021;13(8):543.

DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080543 PMID: 34437414

10. Kallogjerovic S, Velázquez-Quesada I, Hadap R, Gligorijevic B. Retrograde tracing of breast cancer-associated sensory neurons. J Microsc. 2025;298(2):232-244.

DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13340 PMID: 38881512

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Published

2026-03-30

Issue

Section

Letter

How to Cite

Cholera toxin and breast cancer: Immunological insights and therapeutic opportunities. (2026). Journal of Current Biomedical Reports, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.66224/jcbior.7.1.355

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