In vitro comparative analysis of the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of Persica, Matrica, Listerine mouthrinses against Streptococcus mutans

Saeed  Mansouri; Abazar Pournajaf; Neda Babaee

doi:10.66224/jcbior.7.1.337

Authors

Saeed Mansouri Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Abazar Pournajaf Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Neda Babaee Dental Materials Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-1419

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.66224/jcbior.7.1.337

Keywords:

Streptococcus mutans, Herbal mouthrinse, Chlorhexidine, Antibacterial, Antibiofilm

Abstract

Dental plaque, a structured microbial biofilm, is a primary etiological factor in dental caries. Mouthrinses are widely used to control plaque and cariogenic bacteria, yet comparative data on their antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy, particularly for herbal formulations, remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of Persica (Salvadora persica), Matrica (Matricaria chamomilla), and Listerine with 0.2% chlorhexidine against Streptococcus mutans in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay in 96-well microtiter plates was used to determine antibacterial activity, while antibiofilm effects were assessed using the microtiter plate crystal violet staining method. Mouthrinses were tested at serial dilutions, and bacterial growth and biofilm formation were quantified. A p-value < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Chlorhexidine and Listerine demonstrated the strongest antibacterial activity, both exhibiting MIC values of 3.12%, followed by Matrica (6.25%) and Persica (12.5%). In the antibiofilm assay, chlorhexidine completely inhibited biofilm formation at all tested concentrations, whereas Persica and Listerine showed moderate inhibition at higher concentrations. Matrica exhibited the lowest antibiofilm effect, with significant inhibition observed only at the 50% concentration. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences among the mouthrinses for both antibacterial (p = 0.03) and antibiofilm activities (p = 0.01). Chlorhexidine remains the most potent mouthrinse against both planktonic S. mutans and biofilm formation. Herbal formulations, particularly Persica and Listerine, demonstrated concentration-dependent antibacterial and antibiofilm effects. These findings highlight the potential of herbal mouthrinses as adjuncts in oral care, though they are generally less effective than chlorhexidine, especially at lower concentrations.

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